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Mammogram

Mammogram

Mammography, also called a breast X-ray, is the most effective method of detecting breast cancer as early as possible, even when there are no symptoms. It allows the visualization of structures within the breast and the detection of small lesions that may not be discovered by palpation alone (cysts, calcifications and tumours).

Conventional, or 2D, mammography is an examination that lasts a few minutes and is performed by a radiology technologist. It involves taking at least two X-rays of each breast, one horizontal and one sideways, by compressing the breast for 10 to 15 seconds in order to obtain a high-quality image and reduce the amount of radiation emitted. There is no risk of trauma or injury, but the compression may cause some discomfort, sometimes even mild pain in some people.

There are currently two types of technology for breast X-rays: conventional mammography and tomosynthesis.

a doctor with his patient doing a mammogram

Screening mammography

Screening mammography is used to find breast cancer in healthy women. It increases the chances of survival by detecting breast structure abnormalities as early as possible. The Québec Breast Cancer Screening Program invites women between the ages of 50 and 69 to have a screening mammogram every two years.

Most Imagix clinics are designated screening centres for the Québec Breast Cancer Screening Program. In addition to conventional mammography examinations recognized by Quebec’s screening program, they perform tomosynthesis examinations to improve the detection of breast diseases.

Diagnostic Mammography

Diagnostic mammography is usually performed when a new problem, such as a nodule, a discharge or changes in the skin or nipple, is detected by a health care professional (e.g., doctor or front-line specialized nurse practitioner) or the patient herself. A conventional mammogram or tomosynthesis is then performed on one breast (unilateral) or both breasts (bilateral) depending on the signs observed.

Unlike screening mammograms, which are performed at least one year apart, there is no time interval required for diagnostic mammograms.

Tomosynthesis

Tomosynthesis, also known as 3D mammography, involves taking several X-rays from different angles using an X-ray tube that moves in an arc over each compressed breast. The X-rays are then synthesized by computer to create three-dimensional images of the breasts, similar to a CT scan. These more accurate images reduce the need for additional tests and improve breast cancer detection by 30%-40%, especially small cancers that may be missed during 2D mammography due to overlapping tissue.

Preparing for the Examination (for adults)

The preparation is the same for conventional mammography and tomosynthesis. To facilitate the procedure and if your breasts are sensitive, you can schedule your examination 10 days after the beginning of your menstrual period. Some women have found that avoiding coffee, tea, chocolate and colas for two weeks before the exam can reduce discomfort.

To prepare for your mammogram, we will ask you to do the following:

  • Avoid putting deodorant, powder, perfume or body lotion on your breasts and underarms. These products cause false images on the X-ray which can be mistaken for lesions.
  • Put on a hospital gown and remove your jewelry and any metallic objects that may affect the quality of the images. Since you will be undressed to the waist, a two-piece outfit may be more practical.
  • Notify the technologist if you have breast implants so that an appropriate work technique can be adopted.

A medical prescription is required to perform this mammogram.

The costs of this examination are covered by the Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec (RAMQ).

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