Lp(a)

Lp(a) (lipoprotein A) is an abnormal form of LDL or "bad" cholesterol. The presence of Lp(a) is genetically programmed and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (heart attack, stroke) and thrombosis (clot formation). Since the presence of Lp(a) is hereditary, a family history of early cardiovascular disease or early cardiovascular disease without the usual risk factors (normal or slightly abnormal lipid profile) are conditions suggesting the presence of Lp(a). Lp(a) levels remain stable throughout life, and are not significantly affected by lifestyle changes (diet, physical activity) or cholesterol-lowering drugs (statins, etc.). Lp(a) results are expressed in nanomoles per liter (nmol/L).

The presence of Lp(a) is an independent risk factor that is added to the risks already incurred due to poor cholesterol, obesity, diabetes, etc. The risk is higher even with a normal lipid profile. High levels of Lp(a) are also found in chronic kidney failure, poorly controlled diabetes, estrogen deficiency, etc. Low levels are found with little clinical significance in cases of liver malfunction (liver failure) and malnutrition.